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Abstract:
We report the first direct experimental observation of Kelvin-wave turbulence along a vortex line in a controlled setting. Direct spatiotemporal measurements resolve the nonlinear dynamics of Kelvin waves over a broad range of scales. The resulting wave-amplitude spectra exhibit clear signatures of an energy cascade in quantitative agreement with weak turbulence theory. We identify six-wave resonant interactions as the mechanism driving this cascade, thereby providing strong experimental evidence for Kelvin-wave turbulence. These results elucidate the fundamental processes governing energy transfer in nonlinear wave dynamics along classical vortices and, by extension, along superfluid vortices.