Wereport free-surface instabilities in a
deep bed of fine granularmaterial
of irregular shape under vertical vibrations.
At low frequencyof vibration, the
conical heap due to convective flow becomesunstable above a critical amplitude of
vibration and acquires anazimuthal
dependence which makes the heap surface
corrugated. At evenhigher
amplitude, the heap is no longer stable and
splitsinto small heaps on a
hexagonal lattice. At high frequency,we
observe standing waves (stripes) at the same
frequency asthe driving one. The
main mechanism of these instabilities canbe traced back to the presence of the
surrounding gas,since they vanish
under vacuum conditions.
Hexagon
formation
of a powder under vertical vibrations.
Right
(left) photo vizualised with a direct (strob)
light. (see Paper)
Heap
Corrugation of
a
powder under
vertical
vibrations. (see Paper)
The
shape of the convective cell within the granular heap
has been also studied (see
paper)
In
ferrofluids:
We report an
experimental study of the inhibition of the
instability generated by a magnetic field applied
perpendicularly to the surface of a magnetic fluid
(the Rosensweig instability), by vertical vibrations
of the fluid container. Our measurements are in
quantitative agreement with a simple analytical model
using the theory of Mathieu functions. Paper
Solid-solid friction:
Anapparatus
has been built to measure the shear response ofa
multicontact interface between flat-ended solid
bodies, rough at themicron scale. The
device makes use of inertia to applya
steady sinusoidal shear force to a slider without
directmechanical drive. Both elastic
compliance and damping losses are deducedfrom
the in-phase and out-of-phase components of the
submicronic sheardisplacement. The
resolution of the microslip detectionis 1
nm. Apparatus design and operation are described, andthe application and limitation of the method are
illustrated by experimental results witha
polymer glass. Paper